Part 5: INTERFERENCE FORCES

 

5.1. Introduction to Part 5

In constructing elementary particles, I have created quantum rules for motion. These rules give conditions when forces should occur. The forces are related to the structure of these particles. Inside each particle exist wave pulses. These wave pulses inside quantum wave sources are not detectable. Therefore, according to Rule 1 in Table 1, these wave pulses may interfere with each other. As they interfere, forces will occur while creating any permissible particle, totally canceling the amplitudes of any permissible particle, or holding together any permissible particle. However, since these rules for motion are like laws of motion, they may not be true forces but are phenomena that result from quantum laws of motion. Here I refer to all forces that happen at only short distances as interference forces that result from maintaining, constructing, or destroying an allowable particle. The idea of wave interference may be a part of the electrical of gravitational forces, too; however, these forces do not result from putting together, taking apart, or maintaining an allowable structure for elementary particles. Therefore, they are not close-up forces.

 

5.2. Close-Up Forces and Their Strengths

First, I would like to discuss the three forces delineated in this article. There is the force that occurs when the two identical particles with odd spin interfere with each other. This was an important clue when I was formulating quantum wave source theory. Traditional physics does not treat this repelling of two identical particle as a force, yet they repel each other. Therefore, I considered this repelling of two identical particles a force. What is so strange about this force is that there are no force carriers for it. It was the interference of the two identical particles that caused the force. There is also a force that attracts identical boson when they interfere. Again, it was the interference that caused that force, as well. This was a clue to me, and led me to ask, Is it interference at the most elementary level that causes forces?

The strongest forces are concerned with preserving permissible wave source constructs because they cannot become nonpermissible constructs. The force associated with the Pauli exclusion principle causes identical fermions to repel, thereby avoiding total amplitude cancelation. The cause for this force is that all the amplitudes constructing the wave source structure are canceled. Because of Rule 3, from Table 1, this type of interference should cause a repulsion. Such a force should be the strongest because it results from the complete cancellation of the amplitudes of both particles involved in the interaction. The next force, the interference force that hold compound particles together, is concerned with the preservation of a permissible amplitude construct of compound particles. A nonpermissible construct is not allowed in nature. The nuclear strong force only concerns the preservation of a compound wave source—not the total cancellation of the wave sources involved. Therefore, the nuclear strong force would not be as strong as the force associated with the Pauli exclusion principle. Nonetheless, the nuclear strong is still a force associated with the prevention of the destruction of a permissible compound wave source because of Rule 3 in Table 1. Hence, the nuclear strong force is the second strongest force.

The interference force that comes from permissible amplitude structures changing to other permissible amplitude structures should be the weakest. This usually happens in the direction from higher-energy particles to lower-energy particles. (It is obvious from my construct that wave sources would possess different levels of energy.) This is determined by the internal structure’s amplitude interference only. Since this force involves progression to particles with lower states of energy that are permissible wave source constructs, it would not be nearly as strong as the previous forces discussed. Thus, this is the weakest of all the interference forces.

 

5.3. Ranges for Forces

If my theory is right, the constructive interfering of two wave sources creating a compound wave source would be the cause of the force that held the compound wave source together. This should emerge at the distance when two particles are close enough that their interference begins to create a compound wave source. The two wave sources are not trying to create an entirely new particle; they are only barely overlapping. (See section 3.3.) Compound wave sources emerge at ½ a wavelength, which is their diameter. This gives a distance for the force for binding a compound wave source together, which corresponds to the nuclear strong force.

Since I am treating the Pauli exclusion principle as a force, in my opinion, it would be like other interference forces because it happens by means of an interference and at a close range. The question is, how close? Two wave sources would have to be close enough so that a new entire wave source would be formed by both particles, and then all amplitudes cancel. In the case of the Pauli exclusion, the entire particles interfere with each other—not just with a part of each particle. They should be closer than the diameter of a particle because each entire particle has to be close enough so that it can totally merge and create a third particle. I obviously cannot give an exact mathematical range. Nevertheless, the two wave sources would be closer than when the two particles barely begin to merge, as happens with the preceding force I discussed. Also, the Pauli exclusion principle happens everywhere there is an amplitude for a wave.

This final interference force should be the closest of them all. Imagine a particle that can break down into two particles. These two particles would essentially be right on top of each other because they are coming from the same group of waves. Of course, a particle would only break down into two smaller particles if there were less energy needed to bind the waves in each particle structure.

Although the forces discussed here are close-up forces, they are not infinitely close contact forces. As I have discussed, there are different distances where these interference forces take over or interact. Since there are different ranges for these forces, it should be concluded that an interference force is not a contact force of infinite closeness.

 

5.4. A Conclusion to Part 5

The waves in my cosmic quantum medium obey quantum rules for motion while interfering with each other. Hence, any interference between them is not a true force, if they are quantum laws of motion. By following my quantum rules for motion, I derived constructs for matter that ought to have forces similar to the nuclear forces found within the standard model. Also, these wave sources exist within a distance-time manifold where even interference between particles cannot happen any faster than at the speed of light in a vacuum [9].

The idea here is that all forces between particles that occur only at short distances happen by means of their interfering with each other or as a result of their constituent wave pulses interfering with each other. The wave pulses inside quantum wave sources are not detectable. Therefore, according to Rule 1 in Table 1, they may interfere with each other. Consequently, as they interfere, forces will occur while creating any permissible particle, destroying any permissible particle or holding together any permissible particle. If this is correct, all three forces discussed in this section would be essentially unified under the rules that govern the interference of these particles. Thus, all of the forces that are discussed in this article are different manifestations of that single force that comes from wave interference.